Very Rare Medieval Bronze Mass Head Circa 1400 AD Intact 729

  
Read all our details for combined payments and invoices. VERY RARE MEDIEVAL BRONZE MACE HEAD CIRCA 1400 AD - INTACT - 729 grams. Condition: as shown in the photos.

Buyers can make a single payment for all items purchased from me within 14 days; the buyer must request combined shipping once ready to pay, and we will send you a new invoice with combined shipping. The time available for combined shipping is 14 days. No more than 14 days, please. Because a dispute for unpaid item will be opened. If an unpaid dispute is opened, we are unable to send the invoice with combined shipping.

Buyers who have had 3 unpaid strikes will not be able to bid on our items. The buyer who wins more than 5 items from us and never pays will be blocked from our account.

ALL PACKAGES ARE SENT BY RECOMMENDED AIRMAIL WITH TRACKING NUMBER. All packages are insured for 50 euros. DELIVERY TIME WOULD BE FROM 2 TO 25 DAYS SOMETIMES, EXCEPT HOLIDAYS.

Courier services are available in all countries and any courier service. Other EMS couriers require the buyer's phone number for delivery. The buyer must pay the courier service. Inquire if you need a courier service. FOR PACKAGES WITH TRACKING NUMBERS TO LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES, WE ALWAYS EXPERIENCE DELAYS. AND PACKAGES TAKE ABOUT 15 TO 40/45 BUSINESS DAYS. SAME-DAY DELIVERY AFTER RECEIPT OF PAYMENT. WE NEVER SHIP ON WEEKENDS, INCLUDING HOLIDAYS IN CYPRUS.

We accept PayPal payments, bank transfers, and other options. ACCEPTED FOR ANY REASON BUT DO NOT DELAY MORE THAN 45 DAYS.

IF A BUYER REQUESTS TO RETURN AN ITEM AFTER 46 DAYS OR LATER. WHAT WE CANNOT RECEIVE BACK, WE WILL CHARGE THE BUYER.

The buyer must pay return shipping costs. If a buyer, for any reason, is not satisfied. Before leaving feedback or opening a dispute or request.

Please contact us first, and we will do our best to satisfy all our buyers at any cost to us. Once we receive the buyer's payment, the buyer will receive positive feedback from us. We will fully thank all buyers who leave us positive feedback with 5 stars. If you are considering leaving us neutral or negative feedback, please contact us first, and we will do our best to resolve the issue and satisfy you at any cost to us. If a buyer needs to cancel a bid.

The buyer and we will cancel the bid 12 hours before the end of the listing. Contact us or search here.

Electrum: low-quality gold, gold mixed with silvered copper, and sometimes alloy. Beginning of the Greek period. Billon: low-quality silver, mixed with bronze or copper and alloy.

Fourrée: reproduction of ancient period. Roman period: 27 BC-476 AD. Ancient history as a term refers to the entirety of past events. From the beginning of writing and recorded. And extending to post-classical history.

The term can be used to refer to the period or the academic discipline. The span of recorded history is about 5,000 years, starting with Sumerian. The oldest discovered form of coherent writing from the proto-literate period around the 30th century BC. Ancient history covers all continents inhabited by humans between 3000 and 500 BC. The general term "ancient history" should not be confused with Classical Antiquity.

The term Classical Antiquity is often used to designate Western History. Since the beginning of recorded Greek history in 776 BC. This roughly coincides with the traditional date of the founding of Rome. The beginning of ancient Roman history. And the beginning of the Archaic Period.

The academic term "history" should not be confused with familiar references to times past. History is fundamentally the study of the past through documents and can be either scientific archaeology. Although the end date of ancient history is debated, some Western researchers use the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD (the most used). The closure of the Platonic Academy. The death of Emperor Justinian I.

Or the rise of Charlemagne. As the end of ancient and classical European history.

Outside of Europe, the period 450-500 for the end of Antiquity has faced difficulties as a transition date from Antiquity to the post-classical era. During the ancient history period (from about 3000 BC), the global population was already increasing exponentially due to the Neolithic Revolution, which was in full swing. According to HYDE estimates from the Netherlands, the world population increased exponentially during this period.

In 10,000 BC in Prehistory, the world population was 2 million, rising to 45 million by 3000 BC. By the rise of the Iron Age, in 1000 BC, the population had risen to 72 million. By the end of the period in 500 AD, the world population stood at 209 million. In 3,500 years, the world population multiplied by 100. If you see the same item in our auctions, it means the buyer never paid for the item, and we have relisted it.

Or we have a similar item, and in rare situations, the listing is erroneous. All our items are as shown in the photo and as described. All our items to the best of our knowledge are authentic and as described.

We describe them as our resellers sold them to us with the descriptions. In the case where the item is found to be inauthentic by an expert with a certificate marking it as inauthentic with the expert's stamp and signature, we are not responsible but will fully refund the buyer after any purchase period as this is our policy. The buyer is responsible for their purchase as we provide high-quality photos. Size and weight plus zoom on each photo and all sides of the item. And the buyer had good visibility where they were bidding.

We cannot provide any certificates as we are not authorized and do not have the license to do so. We will provide certificates for all items for which we have certificates from other experts. We can also provide certificates on any of our items, but the buyer must pay the cost of 250 pounds if they wish to have a certificate. All our items may be of ancient, antique, medieval, vintage style, or any other culture and age, descriptions based on our resellers, and we believe we are selling what we describe. They may also be restored, cleaned with a new patina, preserved, partially restored, or even refreshed by an expert regarding the quality of the item.

If of ancient style we give the title as such in the ancient time period and what period they were made. So if you are unsure, ask what it is before bidding.

Bidding and buying without asking what it is means the buyer has accepted our terms, policy, and conditions. Our company is based in Cyprus and registered in Cyprus.

We send all our items from Cyprus. Also, all our items are purchased from us from other countries like GERMANY, THE NETHERLANDS, BELGIUM, THE UNITED KINGDOM, the United States, and any other country from fairs of coins and antiques as well as ancient collections passed down from generation to generation. So none of our items come from Cypriot or local collections. We never deal with local Cypriots. If you have any questions about anything, feel free to contact us and ask what you need to know, we will respond in less than 6 hours with all the details you need to know.

If you need to know something about the law. Above, you can read the European law.

Which speaks volumes about ancient objects. Archaeology is the excavation and study of artifacts in order to interpret and reconstruct past human behavior.

Archaeologists excavate the ruins of ancient cities looking for clues about how the inhabitants lived during that time. Some important discoveries by archaeologists studying ancient history include. Giant tombs built by the ancient Egyptians. Beginning around 2600 BC as final resting places for their royalty.

The study of ancient Harappan cities in South Asia. An ancient Roman city preserved by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius. Its state of preservation is so great that it provides a valuable window into Roman culture and gives insight into the cultures of the Etruscans. The mausoleum of the first Qin Emperor in ancient China.

By Minos Kalokairinos and Sir Arthur Evans. Most of what is known about the ancient world comes from the accounts of its own ancient historians. Although it is important to take into account the biases of each ancient author, their accounts form the basis of our understanding of the ancient past. Some of the most notable ancient writers include Herodotus.

A fundamental difficulty in studying ancient history is that recorded histories cannot document the entirety of human events, and only a fraction of these documents have survived to this day. Furthermore, the reliability of information obtained from these surviving records must be considered. Few people were able to write histories, as literacy was not widespread in almost all cultures until long after the end of ancient history. The first known systematic historical thought emerged in ancient Greece. Beginning with Herodotus of Halicarnassus, who largely eliminated divine causality in his account of the war between Athens and Sparta.

Establishing a rationalist element that set a precedent for later Western historical writings. He was also the first to distinguish between the cause and immediate origins of an event. Was an ancient culture with a relatively high literacy rate. But many works of its most widely read historians are lost.

A Roman historian who lived in the 1st century BC wrote a history of Rome called Ab Urbe Condita. (From the foundation of the city) in 144 volumes; only 35 volumes still exist, although short summaries of most of the others exist.

Indeed, no more than a minority of the works of a great Roman historian have survived.